Qual é a placa de amarração ferroviária?

Os trilhos não são fixados diretamente aos dormentes, mas sim a eles através de dormentes ferroviários. Travessas de madeira normalmente usam placas de aço para ferrovias, while concrete sleepers typically use composite material railway tie plates.

This component, which is usually precisely forged from special spring steel or composite materials, has its core function to conduct and buffer the power intelligently. When tens or even hundreds of tons of wheel loads crash onto the rail, the pad, thanks to its meticulously designed elasticity, instantly transforms into an efficient “force disperser”, softening and spreading the massive concentrated impact force, and evenly transmitting it to the wider surface of o dorminhoco below. This significantly alleviates the stress concentration on the sleeper, effectively preventing fatal damages such as cracking and subsidence. Ao mesmo tempo, it is like a precise “shock absorber”, absorbing the high-frequency vibrations and impact energy between the wheel and the rail, significantly reducing noise and greatly improving the smoothness of train operation and passenger comfort. It is an indispensable “quiet guardian” no sistema ferroviário.

1. The design of the tie plates is full of ingenious engineering ideas.

Their surfaces are closely attached to the bottom of the rails, often featuring anti-slip patterns or raised slots to ensure that the rails do not shift under huge lateral forces (such as when a train turns) and firmly “trancar” onto the rails. The bottom is shaped according to different types of sleepers (the flat surface of concrete sleepers or the grooves of wooden sleepers) to achieve stable support. Many base plates also integrate or are paired with high-performance elastic pads, like embedding a layer of “rubber spring” between steel and concrete/wood, further enhancing the buffering and insulation performance. In terms of material selection, special spring steel is treated through cold hardening, possessing excellent fatigue resistance and wear resistance characteristics that “get stronger under pressure”; while composite base plates (such as glass fiber reinforced polyamide) are increasingly widely used on high-speed and heavy-load railways due to their advantages of light weight, resistência à corrosão, good insulation, and maintenance-free.

2. The main functions of the railway tie plates include:

· 2.1Protecting the sleepers from wear;

·2.2Providing a flat contact surface for the rail base;

·2.3 Preventing rail creep.

2.4 For wooden sleepers, the steel rail tie plate also serves another function, which is to provide the inclination angle (cant) of the rail.

2.4.1 Primeiramente, it protects the rail from wear. Since the contact pressure between the rail and the sleeper is very high, in order to protect the sleeper, it is necessary to reduce the pressure. For wooden sleepers, since wood can withstand less stress, it is necessary to increase the contact area to distribute the stress. In the picture of the metal pad, the red box outlines the projection of the rail base, and the yellow box outlines the projection of the rail pad. The area of the yellow box is larger than that of the red box. When the area increases, the stress distributed on the sleeper naturally decreases. For concrete sleepers, since concrete can withstand more stress than wood, the demand for stress dispersion is relatively smaller. No entanto, during train operation, due to the unevenness of the rail, the roundness of the wheels, and changes in the strength of the track, the dynamic impact can reach up to twice the weight of the train. Such a strong impact may still damage concrete sleepers. Portanto, composite material railway tie plates are often used on concrete sleepers, which are relatively soft and can alleviate the dynamic impact to a certain extent.

2.4.2 Em segundo lugar, it provides a flat contact surface for the rail base. The upper surface of the sleeper is not an absolute plane. Originally, the projection area of the rail base on the sleeper is not large. If the contact surface is not flat, the contact area will be even smaller. Portanto, using the rail pad can provide a flat contact surface, thereby increasing the contact area and reducing the stress.

2.4.3 Thirdly, it prevents rail creep. On the side of the rail base in contact with the sleeper on the metal pad, there are two “steps” (coinciding with the edges of the red box in the picture), so this rail pad is called a Double Shoulder Tie Plate. These two “steps” can prevent the rail from lateral movement. When the metal pad is used in combination with spikes, it cannot provide sufficient longitudinal restraint for the rail, so anti-slip equipment needs to be used in conjunction, which will be explained later. The friction coefficient between the composite material rail tie plate and o trilho is greater than that between the concrete sleeper and the rail. Combined with the use of elastic fasteners, it can provide sufficient lateral and longitudinal restraint.

2.4.4 Finalmente, the metal rail pad also has the function of providing the rail inclination angle. As shown in the picture, the rail is not arranged perpendicular to the sleeper but inclined inward (gauge side) by a certain angle, which can provide a better wheel-rail contact surface. The inclination angle of the rails in North American railways is 1:40. For concrete sleepers, the inclination angle of the rail is integrated into the sleeper; aquilo é, the rail contact surface of the sleeper (Rail Seat) is itself inclined.

Fornecedor

Luoyang Fonyo Indústrias Pesadas Co., Ltda,fundada em 1998, é fabricante de peças fundidas ferroviárias. Nossa fábrica cobre uma área de 72.600㎡, com mais de 300 funcionários, 32 técnicos, incluindo 5 engenheiros seniores, 11 engenheiros assistentes, e 16 técnicos.Nossa capacidade de produção é 30,000 toneladas por ano. Atualmente, produzimos principalmente fundição, usinagem, e montagem para locomotiva,vagão,trens de alta velocidade, equipamento de mineração,energia eólica,etc..
Somos o fornecedor de peças ferroviárias para CRRC(incluindo mais de 20 empresas filiais e subsidiárias da CRRC),Máquinas de Engenharia Gemac,Grupo Sany, Indústrias Pesadas Cíticas,etc.. Nossos produtos foram exportados para a Rússia, os Estados Unidos, Alemanha, Argentina, Japão, França, África do Sul,Itália e outros países em todo o mundo.
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