Как выбрать высокопрочные накладки?

In the vast network of railway systems, the junction of two стальные рельсы is not merely a simple “соединение” but a strategic location that concerns the safety, стабильность, and efficiency of the entire line. The protagonist here is the fishplate – this seemingly unremarkable connecting piece is actually the “спасательный круг” maintaining the continuity of the steel rails. Especially with the increase in train axle loads and speeds, traditional fishplates have become inadequate, making high-strength fishplates an inevitable choice for modern railways.

Steel rail connection plates, also known as railway fishplates or splice plates, are used to connect the ends of two steel rails. High-quality fishplates can effectively reduce the impact force when train wheels pass over the rail joints, making the train’s passage over the rail joints more stable.

я. Scientific Selection – Matching the “Best Partner” for Your Line

Selection is not a simple “match and fit”, but a systematic process. When choosing high-strength fishplates, the following core dimensions must be considered:

1.1. Precise Matching of Steel Rail Technical Parameters: This is the foundation.

Steel rail model (кг/м): This is the first checkpoint. A 60kg/m steel rail must be paired with a 60kg/m fishplate, and a 75kg/m steel rail must be paired with a 75kg/m fishplate. Cross-model mixing is strictly prohibited, as it can lead to insufficient contact area, causing stress to concentrate sharply and result in fishplate or even rail breakage.

1.3 Steel rail material and strength grade:

Is the steel rail you use U75V, U68Av, or a higher-strength wear-resistant rail? The material of high-strength fishplates (such as high-quality medium carbon steel or alloy steel) should match it to ensure that both deform in a coordinated manner under force, avoiding excessive wear on one side due to hardness differences.

2. In-depth analysis of operational conditions: This is the key to determining the performance limit.

2.1 Total weight and axle load:

For heavy-haul lines (such as the Daqin Line), fishplates with higher ultimate strength and better fatigue performance must be selected. They usually adopt more complex structural designs and heat treatment processes to withstand millions or even billions of repeated impacts.

2.2 Maximum line speed:

High-speed passenger lines have extremely high requirements for ride smoothness. Fishplates that can effectively maintain joint smoothness should be preferred. Their own stiffness and elasticity need to be precisely calculated to suppress vibrations at high speeds and ensure passenger comfort.

2.3 Environmental corrosiveness:

In coastal, saline-alkali, or heavily industrial-polluted areas, “коррозия” is a hidden killer. В это время, anti-corrosion performance should be elevated to an important selection criterion. Ask the supplier if they provide enhanced anti-corrosion treatments such as galvanized layers, Dacromet coatings, or epoxy resin spraying, which can extend the service life of fishplates several times over.

3. Distinguish manufacturer qualifications and processes

Qualification certification:

A reliable manufacturer must have quality management system certifications such as IRIS (Международный стандарт железнодорожной отрасли) or ISO 9001. This is the basic guarantee for the standardization of their production processes.

4. Process Details:

4.1 Процесс термообработки:

High strength does not come out of thin air. The key lies in quenching and tempering heat treatment (закалка + высокотемпературный отпуск). This determines whether the fishplate can have both high strength and sufficient toughness, avoiding brittle fractures.

4.2 Неразрушающий контроль:

Every high-strength fishplate leaving the factory should undergo ultrasonic or magnetic particle testing to ensure there are no internal cracks, шлаковые включения, или другие фатальные дефекты. You can request a testing report.

Поставщик

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