Investigación sobre somieres de eje en UEM: Función, Clasificación, Causas de fatiga, Detección & Prevención

As the main model of modern railway transportation, the safety and stability of the operation of EMUs have an important impact on people’s travel, freight transportation and the development of the entire social economy. Among the important parts of EMUs, el resorte de caja de eje (resorte de ferrocarril) is one of the more core components. It can relieve the impact force between the wheels and the track and make the wheels fit the track, thereby ensuring the smooth travel and safe operation of the train. Sin embargo, due to long-term and high-load operation, the contact fatigue problem of the axle box spring often occurs, causing unstable operation and safety risks for the train. Por lo tanto, in-depth research on this problem and exploration of preventive measures has become one of the current focuses of research in railway transportation and related fields.

Function and classification of axle box springs

The role of railroad springs
The axle box spring is one of the core components of the suspension system of the EMU. Its role is to relieve the impact force between the wheels and the track, thereby reducing the friction between the wheels and the track while ensuring the smooth travel of the train; it can also reduce the wear of the track. The axle box spring can accept multi-directional forces, thereby realizing multi-directional shock absorption and suspension functions. In terms of shock absorption, the railroad spring stiffness and damping coefficient of the axle box spring directly affect the impact force between the wheel and the track, while in terms of suspension, El marco guía y el conector del resorte ferroviario son componentes clave para lograr la maniobrabilidad de giro de trenes ferroviarios de alta velocidad con carga pesada..

Clasificación de los resortes de las cajas de grasa.
Según sus diferentes formas estructurales, Los resortes de caja de eje se pueden dividir en cuatro categorías.: tipo de ballesta, tipo de resorte de disco, tipo muñeca y tipo resorte de gas. La clasificación específica es la siguiente.：

• Muelle de caja del eje de ballesta: Su estructura se compone principalmente de múltiples placas de acero delgadas unidas y conectadas en un conjunto de resorte integral con pernos., nueces, etc.. Tiene las características de gran rigidez elástica y fuerte rigidez., pero es pesado.
• Resorte de caja de eje con resorte de disco: También conocido como resorte en espiral., es una forma estructural muy común. Su superficie está torcida, que se adapta a diferentes condiciones de la carretera. It has moderate stiffness and is relatively light.
• Wrist axle box spring: It mainly refers to the spring with the structural form of a ball head or ring seam fork, ball joint or wrist connection on the bearing surface. It has the characteristics of a compact structure, small spring stiffness and strong adaptability.
• Gas spring axle box spring: focuses on springs with gas as elastic elements, mainly used in the suspension system of light rail passenger trains. Its advantages are stable system elasticity, reversibility of fluid, and even the ability to change the elastic coefficient by adjusting the size of the air pressure.

Causes and influencing factors of contact fatigue

Causes of contact fatigue

The accumulation effect of constant friction and pressure on the small deformation of the contact surface causes the contact fatigue of the damping spring. After a certain number of cycles, this small deformation will exceed the fatigue limit of the material itself and cause the failure of the railroad spring. entre ellos, the fatigue strength and fatigue life of the axle spring directly affects the size and probability of contact fatigue. The main factors include the quality of spring steel, structural form, proceso de fabricación, ambient temperature and other factors.

Factors affecting contact fatigue

• Quality of spring material: The properties and quality of spring material play a vital role in the incidence of contact fatigue. With the continuous improvement of technology and optimization of steel, some axle box springs have made great progress in spring materials, procesos de fabricación, etc., effectively reducing the risk of contact fatigue.
• Load size and frequency: Load size and frequency are one of the main factors that lead to contact fatigue of the axle box spring. With the increase of load and the acceleration of frequency, the working conditions of the damping spring will become more complex and harsh, and the probability of contact fatigue will also increase.
• Ambient temperature: The ambient temperature has a critical influence on the elastic coefficient and hardness of the axle box spring. Específicamente, when in a high-temperature environment, the axle box spring is prone to plastic deformation or loosening, and when in a low-temperature environment, the axle box spring may suffer brittle fracture.

Common detection methods and preventive measures

Common detection method

• Nondestructive testing method: It mainly uses nondestructive testing technology, such as ultrasonic, magnetic powder, eddy current and other methods to detect spring defects, as well as measure parameters such as the surface hardness and fatigue resistance of the spring.
• Dynamic load test method: It mainly uses actual load tests to analyze the frequency response of the axle box spring under its working state and measure the stress and strain changes of the spring under different load conditions.
• Static load test method: mainly through gravity loaders, spring compressors and other equipment to directly test the strength, stiffness and fatigue resistance of the axle box spring.

Preventive measures

• Optimize spring materials: use high-quality steel and technology to improve the strength and stiffness of spring materials and increase the life and fatigue resistance of springs.
• Use appropriate matching and lubrication methods: by adjusting the matching clearance and surface lubrication method between the axle box spring and the axle box hole, reduce the occurrence of contact fatigue and extend the service life of the spring.
• Inspection and maintenance: regularly maintain and inspect the axle box spring, promptly discover and repair the defects and hidden dangers of the damping spring, and ensure its stability and reliability in operation.

Proveedor

Industrias pesadas Co. de Luoyang Fonyo., Limitado,Fundada en 1998, es un fabricante de piezas fundidas para ferrocarriles. Nuestra fábrica cubre un área de 72,600㎡, con más de 300 empleados, 32 tecnicos, incluido 5 ingenieros superiores, 11 ingenieros asistentes, y 16 Técnicos. Nuestra capacidad de producción es 30,000 toneladas por año. Actualmente, Producimos principalmente fundición., mecanizado, y montaje para locomotora,automotor,trenes de alta velocidad, equipo de minería,energía eólica,etc. Nuestros productos han sido exportados a Rusia, los estados unidos, Alemania, Argentina, Japón, Francia, Sudáfrica,Italia y otros países..
Contacto: Estela Liu
Correo electrónico:[email protected]
Móvil:+8615515351287