Hvad ved du om Railway DC-traktionsmotor?

Med udviklingen af ​​urbaniseringen og det trafikpres, som stigningen i befolkningen medfører, udviklingen af ​​bybanetransit er blevet en grundlæggende måde at løse bytrafikbelastningen på. Tager Kina som eksempel, i 1967, Kina udviklede et metrokøretøj med en DC motor som drivmotor.
En jævnstrømsmotor er en elektrisk maskine, der realiserer den gensidige konvertering mellem jævnstrøm og mekanisk energi. Den anvender hovedsageligt serie-excitationsformen og justerer motorhastigheden ved at ændre motorterminalspændingen eller excitationsstrømmen. Den har god trækevne og pålidelig teknologi. Fordi DC-motorer har god start- og hastighedsreguleringsydelse, de bruges ofte ved lejligheder med høje krav til start og hastighedsregulering, såsom bysporvogne og metrotog.

1.Basic structure of DC motors

The structure of DC motors and DC generators is basically the same. The DC motor consists of two major parts:: a stationary stator and a rotating rotor. There is a gap between the stator and the rotor, which is called an air gap. The function of the stator is to generate a magnetic field and support the motor. It mainly includes main magnetic poles, commutation magnetic poles, stator pressure rings, brush devices, endedæksler, osv. The function of the rotor is to generate induced electromotive force and electromagnetic torque and realize the speed of electromechanical energy. It is also usually called an armature. It mainly includes an armature core, armature winding, commutator, rotating shaft, fan, osv.

1) Main pole

The function of the main pole is to generate the main magnetic flux. It is composed of the core and the excitation winding. The core is generally made of 1mm~1.5mm low-carbon steel sheets. Small motors also use a whole piece of cast steel pole. The excitation winding on the main pole is wound with insulating copper coins to form a concentrated winding, which is insulated from the core. The coils on each main pole are generally connected in series. The main poles are always in pairs and arranged alternately with the N pole and the S pole.

2) Commutation pole

The function of the commutation pole is to generate an additional magnetic field to improve the commutation performance of the motor. Som regel, the core is made of a whole piece of steel, and the winding of the commutation pole should be connected in series with the armature winding. The commutation pole is installed between the two main poles. Its polarity should be the same as the main magnetic pole that the armature conductor will enter when it is running as a generator; when it is running as a motor, it should be the same as the main magnetic pole that the armature conductor has just left.

3) Motor base

The motor base is used to fix the main magnetic pole, commutation magnetic pole end cover, osv., på den ene side, and as a part of the motor magnetic circuit, it is called a yoke. The motor base is generally made of cast steel or welded steel plates.

4) Brush device

I en jævnstrømsmotor, in order to connect the armature winding with the external circuit, a fixed brush device must be installed. It consists of a brush, a brush holder and a brush rod seat. Børsten er en ledende blok lavet af grafit, osv., som lægges i børsteholderen og presses mod kommutatoren med en fjedertrykfinger. Børsteholderen spændes fast på børstestangen med skruer, og børsten og børstestangen er forbundet med en kobbertråd. Børstestangen er installeret på børstesædet og isoleret fra hinanden. Børstestangssædet er monteret på endedækslet.

5) Armaturkerne

Funktionen af ​​ankerkernen er at passere magnetisk flux og arrangere ankerviklingen. Når ankeret roterer i magnetfeltet, kernen vil generere hvirvelstrøm og hysteresetab. For at reducere tab og forbedre effektiviteten, ankerkernen er generelt lavet af siliciumstålplader. Armaturkernen har aksiale køleventilationshuller, and grooves are evenly distributed on the outer circle of the core to embed the armature winding.

6) Armature winding

The function of the armature winding is to generate induced electromotive force and electromagnetic torque through current to achieve electromechanical energy conversion. The winding is made of commonly used enameled wire winding, embedded in the armature core slot, and connected according to certain rules. In order to prevent the centrifugal force generated when the armature rotates from causing the winding to fly out, the winding is embedded in the slot and pressed with a slot wedge; the terminal part of the coil extending out of the slot is tied with a wireless glass ribbon.

2. Characteristics of DC motors

DC motors have a wide speed regulation range and smooth step-less speed regulation characteristics, which can achieve frequent step-less rapid starting, braking and reversing; large overload capacity can withstand frequent impact loads; and can meet various special operation requirements in automated production systems.
But it also has significant disadvantages: først, the manufacturing process is complicated, it consumes more non-ferrous metals, and the production cost is high; anden, it is easy to generate sparks between the brush and the converter during operation, so the reliability is poor and maintenance is difficult. Derfor, it has been replaced by AC variable frequency speed regulation systems in some fields that do not require high-speed regulation performance. Imidlertid, in some occasions that require a large speed regulation range, high speed, good precision, and excellent control performance, the application of DC motors currently accounts for a large proportion.

Leverandør

Luoyang Fonyo Heavy Industries Co., Ltd,grundlagt i 1998, er en producent af støbte jernbanedele. Vores fabrik dækker et areal på 72.600㎡, med mere end 300 medarbejdere, 32 teknikere, inklusive 5 senioringeniører, 11 assistentingeniører, og 16 teknikere.Vores produktionskapacitet er 30,000 tons om året. For tiden, vi producerer hovedsageligt støbning, bearbejdning, og montage til lokomotiv,jernbanevogn,højhastighedstog, mineudstyr,vindkraft,osv. Vores produkter er blevet eksporteret til Rusland, USA, Tyskland, Argentina, Japan, Frankrig, Sydafrika,Italien og andre lande.
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